Garwara Assembly Constituency Election Result

  • Garwara is a legislative assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh. Election results of Garwara assembly constituency seat is given below in a table that also lists all MLAs from this seat. Click election year in the table, for more detailed result.

List of all MLA from Garwara Assembly Constituency Seat
(Uttar Pradesh)
Click on Year to View Detailed Result
YearCandidatePartyTotal Vote
2007SeemaBJP43236
2002Lal BahadurSP51351
1996Seema DwivediBJP39881
1993UmashankarBSP38859
1991Ramesh Bahadur SinghBJP27253
1989Rai Luxmi Narain SinghJD23872
1985Ram Naresh ShuklaINC31528
1980Ram ShiromaniINC(I)19334
1977Ram ShiromaniINC23157
1974Ram Shiromani DubeyINC15639


2007 Legislative Assembly Constituency Election
S NCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Seema
Female
37 yr
GEN
BJP
Bharatiya Janata Party
43236
2Raj Narain Bind
Male
54 yr
GEN
SP
Samajwadi Party
30603
3Capt K C Tripathi
Male
35 yr
GEN
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
30188
4Shyam Raj Singh
Male
45 yr
GEN
INC
Indian National Congress
5301
5Jai Deo Tivari
Male
46 yr
GEN
NCP
Nationalist Congress Party
2434
6Ram Akbal Yadav
Male
39 yr
GEN
IND
Independent
2233
7Narsingh
Male
54 yr
GEN
RLD
Rashtriya Lok Dal
1293
8Chandra Shekhar
Male
25 yr
SC
BRPP
Bharatiya Republican Paksha
876
9Niyaz
Male
48 yr
GEN
IND
Independent
824
10Bhim Prakash
Male
34 yr
SC
IND
Independent
650
11Algu Ram Patel
Male
35 yr
GEN
IND
Independent
632
Total

118270
  • In 2007, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total electors. Total number of valid vote was 118270. Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Seema won and became MLA from this seat. She secured total 43236 votes. Samajwadi Party candidate Raj Narain Bind stood second with total 30603 votes. He lost by 12633 votes.


2002 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Lal Bahadur
Male
SP
Samajwadi Party
51351
39.93%
2Seema Dwivedi
Female
BJP
Bharatiya Janata Party
35096
27.29%
3Ratan Bahadur
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
24859
19.33%
4Vijay Chandra
Male
AD
Apna Dal
8694
6.76%
5Chanchal
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
3470
2.7%
6Harihar
Male
IND
Independent
787
0.61%
7Rati Ram
Male
IND
Independent
743
0.58%
8Moti Lal Urf Munde
Male
IND
Independent
700
0.54%
9Kunwar Rudra Deo Singh
Male
RTKP
Rashtriya Kranti Party
691
0.54%
10Budhi Ram Saroj
Male
UPRP
Uttar Pradesh Republican Party
539
0.42%
11Sitaram Chaurasia
Male
IND
Independent
538
0.42%
12Sunil Kumar Saroj
Male
BKRP
Bharat Kranti Rakshak Party
317
0.25%
13Udai Chandra Urf Rudal
Male
IND
Independent
224
0.17%
14Krishna Chandra
Male
IND
Independent
217
0.17%
15Tulsi
Male
IND
Independent
189
0.15%
16Baidyanaj Urf Baidyaraj
Male
IND
Independent
181
0.14%
Total

128596
56.17%
  • In 2002, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 228946 electors. Total number of valid vote was 128596. Samajwadi Party candidate Lal Bahadur won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 51351 votes. Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Seema Dwivedi stood second with total 35096 votes. She lost by 16255 votes.


1996 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Seema Dwivedi
Female
BJP
Bhartiya Janta Party
39881
35.12%
2Rajaram
Male
JD
Janata Dal
34738
31.97%
3Harish Chandra Singh Patel
Male
SP
Samajwadi Party
34175
30.09%
4Ramesh Bahadur Singh S/o Baghvat Singh
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janta Party
31647
29.13%
5Rajesh
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
28516
25.11%
6Abhay Pratap Singh
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
28469
26.2%
7Ram Davar
Male
AD
Apna Dal
9325
8.21%
8Ram Karan
Male
AD
Apna Dal
8733
8.04%
9Rajendra Vikram
Male
IND
Independent
1231
1.13%
10Jadish Narain
Male
BHJS
Bhoomijotak Samooh
881
0.81%
11Dujai Ram Saroj
Male
IND
Independent
828
0.76%
12Lal Bihari Yadav
Male
BHJS
Bhoomijotak Samooh
720
0.63%
13Ramesh Bahadur S/o Vishambhar Nath
Male
IND
Independent
563
0.52%
14Baleshvar Nath
Male
IND
Independent
523
0.48%
15Shyam Bahadur
Male
IND
Independent
512
0.45%
16Addhya Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
501
0.46%
17Ran Bahadur Singh Durgvanshi
Male
BJSP
439
0.39%
18Ram Newaj
Male
IND
Independent
271
0.25%
19Kamlakant
Male
IND
Independent
262
0.24%
Total

108647
48.42%
  • In 1996, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 229112 electors. Total number of valid vote was 108647. Bhartiya Janta Party candidate Seema Dwivedi won and became MLA from this seat. She secured total 39881 votes. Janata Dal candidate Rajaram stood second with total 34738 votes. He lost by 5143 votes.


1993 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Umashankar
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
38859
36.9%
2Ramesh Bahadur Singh
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janta Party
34531
33.53%
3Ram Dayal Verma
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
33337
32.37%
4Vijay Narain Paney
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janta Party
29479
28%
5Anand Bhushan Urf Babbu Raja
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
19658
19.09%
6Rajnarayan Bind
Male
JD
Janta Dal
18269
17.35%
7Laxmi Narain
Male
IND
Independent
6807
6.46%
8Shreepati Dwivedi
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
5817
5.52%
9Vrajesh Mishar Urf Sorabh
Male
IND
Independent
4827
4.69%
10Ran Vijay Singh
Male
IND
Independent
1640
1.59%
11Shiv Bahadur Singh Pawar
Male
IND
Independent
1306
1.27%
12Bihari Lal
Male
JD
Janta Dal
877
0.85%
13Ram Bahadur Pasi
Male
BKD
Bahujan Kranti Dal
822
0.8%
14Ashok Kumar Singh
Male
IND
Independent
749
0.71%
15Janardan Singh
Male
ABBP
Akhil Bhartiya Berozgar Party
693
0.66%
16Ugrasen
Male
JP
Janta Party
629
0.6%
17Bhagwan Deen
Male
DDP
Doordarshi Party
529
0.5%
18Rajesh Kumar Tiwari
Male
IND
Independent
517
0.5%
19Om Subash Mani Tripathi'maniji'
Male
IND
Independent
457
0.43%
20Shreepal Dube
Male
IND
Independent
439
0.42%
21Vipin Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
413
0.39%
22Ram Khelawan
Male
DDP
Doordarshi Party
410
0.4%
23Pradeep Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
370
0.35%
24Braj Bhavan
Male
IND
Independent
354
0.34%
25Vijay Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
335
0.33%
26Srishna Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
328
0.31%
27Braj Nath
Male
IND
Independent
289
0.28%
28Sri Krishan
Male
IND
Independent
285
0.28%
29Kamal Pratap Singh
Male
IND
Independent
283
0.27%
30Krishna Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
260
0.25%
31Markandey
Male
IND
Independent
256
0.25%
32Satydadeo Maurya
Male
IND
Independent
240
0.23%
33Ram Lakhan
Male
IND
Independent
232
0.23%
34Ramashankar
Male
IND
Independent
225
0.21%
35Ashok Kumar Tiwari
Male
ABBP
Akhil Bhartiya Berozgar Party
217
0.21%
36Sarju Prasad Verma
Male
IND
Independent
200
0.19%
37Avdhesh Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
192
0.19%
38Shreenath
Male
IND
Independent
189
0.18%
39Rajendra Prasad Mishra
Male
IND
Independent
188
0.18%
40Sri Narain Tiwari
Male
IND
Independent
167
0.16%
41Ishtiyak
Male
IND
Independent
166
0.16%
42Harish Chandra
Male
IND
Independent
164
0.16%
43Aadha Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
164
0.16%
44Subhash Chand
Male
SHS
Shivsena
159
0.15%
45Mahesh Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
158
0.15%
46Inder Kumar Singh
Male
IND
Independent
151
0.15%
47Shaukat Ali
Male
IND
Independent
151
0.15%
48Ram Both Sharma
Male
IND
Independent
139
0.13%
49Ram Bahadur
Male
IND
Independent
121
0.12%
50Chhote Lal Patel
Male
IND
Independent
105
0.1%
51Shobhnath Yadav
Male
IND
Independent
105
0.1%
52Sukhdev Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
100
0.1%
53Virender Pratap
Male
IND
Independent
92
0.09%
54Guru Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
85
0.08%
55Onkar Nath
Male
IND
Independent
81
0.08%
56Narender
Male
IND
Independent
80
0.08%
57Vidya Shankar Tiwari
Male
IND
Independent
75
0.07%
58Daya Shankar
Male
IND
Independent
75
0.07%
59Ashok
Male
IND
Independent
71
0.07%
60Salik Ram Insan
Male
IND
Independent
66
0.06%
61Raja Ram
Male
IND
Independent
65
0.06%
62Rajumurtoi
Male
IND
Independent
62
0.06%
63Premdhar Dwivedi
Male
SHS
Shivsena
62
0.06%
64Suresh Bahadur Yadav
Male
IND
Independent
62
0.06%
65Girdhari
Male
IND
Independent
21
0.02%
66Chander Shekhar Yadav
Male
IND
Independent
21
0.02%
Total

102978
48.66%
  • In 1993, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 217596 electors. Total number of valid vote was 102978. Bahujan Samaj Party candidate Umashankar won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 38859 votes. Bhartiya Janta Party candidate Ramesh Bahadur Singh stood second with total 34531 votes. He lost by 4328 votes.


1991 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Ramesh Bahadur Singh
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janta Party
27253
37.96%
2Ran Narain Bind
Male
JD
Janata Dal
21859
28.96%
3Brij Nath Pal
Male
JD
Janata Dal
19621
27.33%
4Vidya Shankar Tiwari
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janta Party
17609
23.33%
5Ram Siromani Dubey
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
12193
16.15%
6Uma Shankar Yadava
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
10454
13.85%
7Ram Naresh Shukal
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
8008
11.16%
8Daud Ansari
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
7376
10.27%
9Lal Ratnakar Yadava
Male
JP
Janata Party
5551
7.35%
10Om Prakash Pandey
Male
JP
Janata Party
3592
5%
11Udrej
Male
IND
Independent
2977
3.94%
12Ram Prasad
Male
LKD
Lok Dal
860
1.2%
13Om Prakash
Male
IND
Independent
643
0.9%
14Chander Dev
Male
IND
Independent
527
0.73%
15Paras Nath Saroj
Male
IND
Independent
513
0.68%
16Daya Shankar Dubey
Male
IND
Independent
508
0.67%
17Mani Shankar Singh
Male
IND
Independent
503
0.67%
18Devendra Mani
Male
IND
Independent
488
0.65%
19Jagdish Chaurasia
Male
DDP
Doordasthi Party
440
0.58%
20Udrej Bahadur
Male
SHS
Akhil Bhartiya Shivsena
408
0.57%
21Ram Ujagir
Male
IND
Independent
407
0.54%
22Rajwant Ram
Male
IND
Independent
368
0.51%
23Ramai Ram
Male
SSD
Shoshit Samaj Dal
357
0.5%
24Balwant Singh
Male
IND
Independent
356
0.5%
25Sadhu Rai
Male
IND
Independent
334
0.44%
26Virender
Male
IND
Independent
324
0.45%
27Baba
Male
IND
Independent
323
0.43%
28Rajpati Singh
Male
IND
Independent
301
0.4%
29Rashid
Male
IND
Independent
278
0.39%
30Virender Pratap Singh
Male
IND
Independent
268
0.37%
31Satya Prakash Singh (rajni)
Male
IND
Independent
257
0.34%
32Ram Nihor
Male
DDP
Doordasthi Party
248
0.35%
33Tribhuwan Singh
Male
SHS
Akhil Bhartiya Shivsena
240
0.32%
34Inder Sain
Male
IND
Independent
228
0.32%
35Ram Narain
Male
IND
Independent
217
0.3%
36Ram Pher
Male
IND
Independent
186
0.26%
37Ajay Mani
Male
IND
Independent
185
0.26%
38Bhuwal
Male
IND
Independent
181
0.25%
39Mahendra Prasad Yadava
Male
IND
Independent
157
0.21%
40Surender Bahadur Singh
Male
IND
Independent
124
0.17%
41Adha Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
118
0.16%
42Vitrndra Pratap Singh
Male
IND
Independent
114
0.15%
43Ashok Kumar Singh
Male
IND
Independent
86
0.11%
44Ram Manorath
Male
IND
Independent
75
0.1%
45Ram Anand
Male
IND
Independent
62
0.09%
46Sheetla Prasad Tiwari
Male
IND
Independent
54
0.07%
47Raghu Nath Singh
Male
IND
Independent
46
0.06%
Total

71788
40.61%
  • In 1991, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 186673 electors. Total number of valid vote was 71788. Bhartiya Janta Party candidate Ramesh Bahadur Singh won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 27253 votes. Janata Dal candidate Ran Narain Bind stood second with total 21859 votes. He lost by 5394 votes.


1989 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Rai Luxmi Narain Singh
Male
JD
Janata Dal
23872
32.62%
2Ram Shiroman Dubey
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
23627
32.28%
3Arun Pratap Singh
Male
JD
Janata Dal
21335
26.62%
4Ram Naresh Shukl
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
16956
21.16%
5Ramesh Bahadur Singh
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janata Party
10962
13.68%
6Ram Dayal Verma
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
10898
13.6%
7Brij Lal
Male
CPI
Communist Party Of India
9382
12.82%
8Daud Ansari
Male
IND
Independent
7854
9.8%
9Vidya Shankar
Male
BJP
Bhartiya Janata Party
4495
6.14%
10Sadashiv
Male
IND
Independent
4266
5.32%
11Ram Surat Patel
Male
BSP
Bahujan Samaj Party
4103
5.61%
12Rishi Ram Verma
Male
SSD
Shoshit Samaj Dal
3098
3.87%
13Jagdish Chaurasia
Male
DDP
Doordarshi Party
1240
1.69%
14Om Prakash
Male
IND
Independent
1227
1.53%
15Vaijnath Pal
Male
LKD(B)
Lok Dal (b)
1131
1.41%
16Ram Nihor
Male
DDP
Doordarshi Party
905
1.13%
17Ismail
Male
IND
Independent
885
1.21%
18Raghunath
Male
IND
Independent
870
1.19%
19Gopal Mani
Male
RSP
Rashtriya Samdarshi Party
803
1.1%
20Ganga Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
735
0.92%
21Kesho Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
660
0.9%
22Sadho
Male
UPRP
Uttar Pradesh Republican Party
654
0.89%
23Ram Jas
Male
SUCI
Socialist Unity Centre Of India
593
0.81%
24Panna Lal
Male
IND
Independent
582
0.8%
25Ram Das
Male
IND
Independent
447
0.56%
26Aditya Prasad Dubey
Male
IND
Independent
344
0.47%
27Gulab Chand
Male
IND
Independent
325
0.44%
28Shri Narayan Tiwari
Male
IND
Independent
323
0.4%
29Ghurhoo Alias Rdaey Shyam
Male
IND
Independent
245
0.33%
30Ram Shiroman
Male
IND
Independent
184
0.25%
31Raj Pati Singh
Male
IND
Independent
143
0.2%
32Ram Bahadur Alias Samar Bahadur
Male
IND
Independent
138
0.19%
33Hargen
Male
IND
Independent
47
0.06%
Total

73192
45.74%
  • In 1989, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 170747 electors. Total number of valid vote was 73192. Janata Dal candidate Rai Luxmi Narain Singh won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 23872 votes. Indian National Congress candidate Ram Shiroman Dubey stood second with total 23627 votes. He lost by 245 votes.


1985 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Ram Naresh Shukla
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
31528
56.14%
2Lakshmi Narain
Male
LKD
Lok Dal
23869
38.09%
3Ram Shiromani
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
20026
31.96%
4Abhai Singh
Male
LKD
Lok Dal
14344
25.54%
5Sitaram
Male
IND
Independent
5821
9.29%
6Jagdeo Prasad
Male
CPI
Communist Party Of India
4854
7.75%
7Harendra Prasad
Male
BJP
Bharatiya Janta Party
2517
4.02%
8Ram Dayal
Male
IND
Independent
2413
4.3%
9Ram Raj
Male
CPI
Communist Party Of India
2367
4.22%
10Mohd Siddique
Male
IND
Independent
2149
3.43%
11Birendra Pal
Male
IND
Independent
1516
2.7%
12Lalta
Male
IND
Independent
1180
2.1%
13Nilam Kumar
Male
IND
Independent
862
1.38%
14Bhagwan Din
Male
DDP
Doordarshi Party
723
1.15%
15Shyam Narain Pande
Male
DDP
Doordarshi Party
578
1.03%
16Raj Pat
Male
IND
Independent
549
0.88%
17Ram Sunder Tiwari Tulshi Bhagat
Male
JNP
Janta Party
514
0.92%
18Sakal Deo
Male
IND
Independent
490
0.78%
19Ram Sunder Jaiswal
Male
IND
Independent
486
0.87%
20Ram Das
Male
IND
Independent
464
0.83%
21Ramesh Chandra
Male
JNP
Janta Party
462
0.74%
22Abhai Pratap Singh
Male
IND
Independent
394
0.7%
23Samar Bahadur
Male
IND
Independent
371
0.66%
24Swami Nath
Male
IND
Independent
345
0.55%
Total

56155
37.77%
  • In 1985, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 152709 electors. Total number of valid vote was 56155. Indian National Congress candidate Ram Naresh Shukla won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 31528 votes. Lok Dal candidate Lakshmi Narain stood second with total 23869 votes. He lost by 7659 votes.


1980 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Ram Shiromani
Male
INC(I)
Indian National Congress (i)
19334
34.88%
2Laxmi Narain
Male
JNP(SR)
Janata Party (secular) Raj Narain
14294
25.78%
3Aditya Narain Dubey
Male
JNP(SC)
Janata Party (secular) - Ch. Charan Singh
8553
15.43%
4Chhote Lal
Male
IND
Independent
4320
7.79%
5Gaya Prasad
Male
CPI
Communist Party Of India
3743
6.75%
6Lalji
Male
IND
Independent
1312
2.37%
7Sant Prasad Singh
Male
BJP
Bharatiya Janata Party
1166
2.1%
8Ram Prasad
Male
INC(U)
Indian National Congress (u)
1117
2.01%
9Sri Kant
Male
IND
Independent
655
1.18%
10Chandra Bali
Male
JNP(JP)
Janata Party (jp)
514
0.93%
11Sitaram
Male
IND
Independent
429
0.77%
Total

55437
46.74%
  • In 1980, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 121100 electors. Total number of valid vote was 55437. Indian National Congress (i) candidate Ram Shiromani won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 19334 votes. Janata Party (secular) Raj Narain candidate Laxmi Narain stood second with total 14294 votes. He lost by 5040 votes.


1977 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Ram Shiromani
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
23157
44.53%
2Rajwant
Male
JNP
Janata Party
21798
41.92%
3Vidaya Shanker
Male
JNP
Janata Party
11937
26.03%
4Ram Naresh Shukla
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
9621
20.98%
5Rama Shanker
Male
IND
Independent
8677
18.92%
6Baij Nath Pal
Male
IND
Independent
8488
18.51%
7Mohd Hanif
Male
IND
Independent
5161
11.25%
8Chaitu Ram
Male
IND
Independent
1889
3.63%
9Paras Nath
Male
IND
Independent
1179
2.27%
10Arvind Kumar Singh
Male
IND
Independent
907
1.98%
11Gopal Mani
Male
IND
Independent
817
1.57%
12Onkar Nath
Male
IND
Independent
788
1.52%
13Mata Shankar
Male
IND
Independent
706
1.36%
14Aditya Prasad
Male
IND
Independent
680
1.31%
15Sabha Pati
Male
IND
Independent
669
1.29%
16Arvind Nath
Male
IND
Independent
441
0.96%
17Ram Chandra
Male
IND
Independent
409
0.89%
18Sita Ram
Male
SUC
Socialist Unity Centre Of India
316
0.61%
19Shamshad Ali
Male
IND
Independent
142
0.31%
20Raj Pal Singh
Male
IND
Independent
80
0.17%
Total

45863
36.46%
  • In 1977, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 128457 electors. Total number of valid vote was 45863. Indian National Congress candidate Ram Shiromani won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 23157 votes. Janata Party candidate Rajwant stood second with total 21798 votes. He lost by 1359 votes.


1974 Assembly Constituency Election
Sr NoCandidatePartyTotal Vote
1Ram Shiromani Dubey
Male
INC
Indian National Congress
15639
27.14%
2Laxmi Narain
Male
CPI
Communist Party Of India
15159
26.31%
3Mata Sewak
Male
BKD
Bharatiya Kranti Dal
11687
20.28%
4Tribeni
Male
BJS
Bharatiya Jana Sangh
8857
15.37%
5Dalsingar
Male
NCO
Indian National Congress (organisation)
2062
3.58%
6Sumiran
Male
IND
Independent
1412
2.45%
7Birtanti
Male
RPK
Republican Party Of India (khobragade)
866
1.5%
8Gopal Mani
Male
IND
Independent
684
1.19%
9Ram Kunwar
Male
SUC
Socialist Unity Centre
525
0.91%
10Awadhesh Kumar
Male
SWA
Swatantra Party
419
0.73%
11Ram Ascharya
Male
SSD
Shoshit Samaj Dal
316
0.55%
Total

57626
56.99%
  • In 1974, Garwara legislative assembly constituency had total 105290 electors. Total number of valid vote was 57626. Indian National Congress candidate Ram Shiromani Dubey won and became MLA from this seat. He secured total 15639 votes. Communist Party Of India candidate Laxmi Narain stood second with total 15159 votes. He lost by 480 votes.


  • Disclaimer: ResultUniversity.com is an independent private website and it is in no way affiliated to any Indian Government official website. The sole purpose of this website is to provide notifications regarding the latest results published. Though utmost care is being taken, we can not guarantee 100% correctness of information. Using this website confirms that you agree to all the terms and conditions.